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History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences

HIST: History


  1. HIST 106 (3) Global Environmental History

    Historical impacts of humans on the non-human environment, and the ways in which the non-human environment has shaped human history. [3-0-0]

  2. HIST 107 (3) Global Capitalism

    Covers topics and themes in the history of capitalism in all geographic regions since the fifteenth century. [3-0-0]

  3. HIST 110 (3) Survey of the Ancient World

    Survey of ancient history from the first civilizations in the Near East to the fall of Rome. Includes examinations of the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. [3-0-0]

  4. HIST 111 (3) Modern United States History

    Survey of the major economic, political, and social developments from the Civil War to the present. [3-0-0]

  5. HIST 112 (3) Canadian Lands and Peoples

    The people, places, and events central to the development of Canada from Indigenous settlement to the twenty-first century. [3-0-0]

  6. HIST 115 (3) World History from First to Second World War

    Study of the emergence of the contemporary world from the origins of World War I to the aftermath of World War II. [3-0-0]

  7. HIST 116 (3) Early Modern Europe 1450-1789

    Survey of the major events, systems of thought, and human accomplishments that have contributed to European history. Study includes events dating from approximately 1450, when developments in government, science, industry, art, and philosophy began to accelerate significantly. [3-0-0]

  8. HIST 118 (3) History of Science, Medicine, and Technology from Antiquity

    History of science, medicine, and technology and society from antiquity to the eighteenth century. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 118 or HIST 215. [3-0-0]

  9. HIST 119 (3) Medieval Europe

    Introduction to the changes in European society from the late Roman Empire to the Renaissance, with an emphasis on the Middle Ages as a dynamic era. The period saw the development of many of the institutions of modern civilization, including common law, parliament, and the university. Religion, family, and warfare in the Middle Ages are examined. [3-0-0]

  10. HIST 126 (3) Europe from the French Revolution

    Survey of the development of Europe through the political, social, and industrial revolutions that accompanied the age of European imperialism. Examination of the World Wars and their impact on the decline of Europe. [3-0-0]

  11. HIST 145 (3) Contemporary World History

    Events and forces shaping the world since the mid-twentieth century. [3-0-0]

  12. HIST 151 (3) Modern Latin American History

    Survey of the major economic, political, and social currents in Latin America from independence to the present. [3-0-0]

  13. HIST 160 (3) Introduction to Asian History

    Major economic, political, and social currents in Asian history. [3-0-0]

  14. HIST 201 (3) Religion in the West

    History of Western religious traditions from the first civilizations to the present. Origins of and development in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: One of HIST 110, HIST 116, HIST 119, HIST 126.

  15. HIST 203 (3) The Roman Empire

    Political, social, economic, religious events and migrations from the reign of Augustus to the end of the Western Roman Empire in the late fifth century C.E.. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 203 or HIST 382F. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: HIST 110.

  16. HIST 211 (3) The United States to 1865

    Study of themes of the major economic, political, and social developments in what would become the United States from the late fifteenth century through the Civil War. [3-0-0]

  17. HIST 214 (3) Introduction to the History of Modern China, 1800 to Present

    Overview of the economic, social, political, and intellectual dynamics of the modern history of China. The history of China from the Chinese perspective and the impact of the West and modernization on that history. [3-0-0]

  18. HIST 218 (3) Science and Empire

    Survey of important events in the history of science, medicine, and technology in a globalizing world from the eighteenth century to the present. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST.

  19. HIST 220 (3) History of the Islamic World

    A historical survey of the various lands, ideas, peoples, and cultures that contributed to the formation of the Islamic world, from the advent of Islam in the 7th century to the contemporary period. [3-0-0]

  20. HIST 222 (3) Canadian State and Economy

    Economic and political development of the Canadian nation state from Indigenous-settler contact to the twenty-first century. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 222 or HIST 122. [3-0-0]

  21. HIST 240 (3) Pre-Contact and Colonial Latin American History

    Study of themes of Latin American history from emergence of indigenous civilizations to the end of Spanish and Portuguese colonialism in the nineteenth century. [3-0-0]

  22. HIST 300 (3) History of Indigenous Peoples of Canada to 1876

    The Indigenous people (status and non-status) of Canada from contact to the passage of the Indian Act in 1876. Topics include government policies, environment, gender, religion, oral narratives, colonial frontiers, disease, fur trade. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST and third-year standing; or 3 credits of HIST, INDG 100, and third-year standing.

  23. HIST 301 (3) History of Indigenous Peoples of Canada Since 1876

    The Indigenous people (status and non-status) of Canada from the passage of the Indian Act in 1876 to the present. Topics include government policies, environment, gender, religion, oral narratives, activism, urbanization, identity. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST and third-year standing; or 3 credits of HIST, INDG 100, and third-year standing.

  24. HIST 302 (3) Classical Greece and the Mediterranean World

    Development of state formation, collective government, citizenship, art, literature, and international relations in the eastern Mediterranean world from ca. 700 to 338 B.C.E.. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: HIST 110.

  25. HIST 303 (3) The Hellenistic World from the Mediterranean to India

    The main cultural, political, social, and economic developments in the Hellenistic World from Alexander the Great to the rise of Rome. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 303 or HIST 383E. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: HIST 110.

  26. HIST 304 (3) The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic

    Roman political, social, and economic history from the eighth century B.C.E. to the end of the Republic in 27 B.C.E.. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 304 or HIST 382G. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: HIST 110.

  27. HIST 305 (3) British Imperialism to 1783

    Examines the rationales and criticisms of empire; mercantilism, industrial capitalism, and free trade; methods and systems that gave rise to the British Empire and the factors which explain the fall of the first British Empire. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 116 and third-year standing.

  28. HIST 306 (3) French North America to 1699

    French-speaking peoples of North America: Acadians, Franco-Québécois, and French-Canadians. Focus on North American Atlantic Coast, Acadia, Florida and the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes from 1534-1699. Deals extensively with French-Amerindian relations. Introduction to the historiography of French North America. Students who have received credit for HIST 307 prior to W2022 cannot receive additional credit for HIST 306. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 112, HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  29. HIST 307 (3) French North America 1699 to 1803

    Historical background for understanding the French-speaking peoples of North America: Acadians, Franco-Québécois, French-Canadians, and Cajuns. Focus on Louisiana, Illinois and the North American interior from 1699-1803. Deals extensively with French-Amerindian relations. Introduction to the historiography of French North America. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 112, HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  30. HIST 308 (3) The Scientific Revolution

    Study of the history of the natural sciences in early modern time. Science transformed from natural philosophy to technology; theories of nature and human nature; science and objectivity; the social role of the scientist; the intellectual authority of science. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and HIST 118; or HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  31. HIST 309 (3) The Rise of Modern Science

    Study of the history of the natural sciences since the scientific revolution. This course may be taken separately or as a continuation of HIST 308. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  32. HIST 310 (3/6) d Topics in the History of Medicine and Disease

    [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: Either one of (a) HIST 218 and third-year standing, or (b) 6 credits of HIST.

  33. HIST 311 (3) History of South Asia, 1500-Present

    History of South Asia from the founding of the Mughal empire, through the era of British colonial rule, to the postcolonial period. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 311, HIST 396, or HIST 397. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145, HIST 160, HIST 220 and third-year standing.

  34. HIST 312 (3) British Imperialism, 1783-1950

    Examines colonial policies and practices of imperial Britain in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the role of explorers, traders, missionaries, industrialists, and others in the growth of British imperialism; the emergence of organized colonial resistance and the decolonization movement; independence and the new Commonwealth of Nations. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 126, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  35. HIST 314 (3) Women in Canada and the US to 1867

    History of women and women's experiences in Canada and the United States from European contact to the latter half of the nineteenth century. Women's experiences in the broader context of political, social, and economic events and changes. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 112, HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  36. HIST 317 (3) History of Southern Africa

    Pre-colonial, colonial, and contemporary history emphasizing South Africa. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  37. HIST 320 (3) Iran: From the Safavid Empire to the Islamic Revolution

    The social, economic, political, and religious history of Iran from the Safavid revolution in 1501 to the Islamic revolution of 1979. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145, HIST 160, HIST 220 and third-year standing.

  38. HIST 322 (3) History of the Middle East, 1500-Present

    A survey of the social, economic, political, religious, and cultural history of the Middle East from the Ottoman and Safavid empires to the emergence of nation states. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145, HIST 160, HIST 220 and third-year standing.

  39. HIST 325 (3) Europe in 1215

    Examines aspects of the Middle Ages such as popular religion, the feudal system, and courtly love, and the appearance of Parliament, common law, and the university. Focuses on the eventful year 1215. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 119 and third-year standing.

  40. HIST 327 (3) American Colonial History, 1607-1763

    Comparative study of the social, economic, and political characteristics of the 13 colonies as they changed from small European outposts to more mature societies. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  41. HIST 328 (3) The American Revolution and the Formation of the United States

    Study of the revolutionary origins of the United States of America and the establishment of the American republic. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  42. HIST 329 (3) Canadian Social History

    Study of selected topics in the history of Canadian society including non-Indigenous settlement, rural life, religion, social and institutional structures, immigration and ethnicity, social movements, ideology, family life and life cycles, demographic change, labour, industrialization, and urbanization. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST.

  43. HIST 331 (3) The United States, 1865-1896

    Political and social development in Post-Civil War America with special emphasis on Reconstruction, industrialization, and the Gilded Age. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 211 and third-year standing.

  44. HIST 334 (3) Europe in the 19th Century

    Investigation of main themes in European history from the French Revolution to the beginning of the twentieth century. Domestic politics, the interaction of states, the formation of new states, social and economic transformations affecting the whole civilization, major cultural expressions of the century. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  45. HIST 336 (3) Eastern Europe During the Cold War

    A political, social, and cultural history of Eastern Europe from the end of the Second World War to the fall of state socialism. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: Either (a) one of HIST 115, HIST 126 and third-year standing or (b) 6 credits of HIST.

  46. HIST 343 (3) Tudor England, 1485-1603

    Study of the political, religious, and social changes in England from the late Middle Ages to the early seventeenth century. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 116, HIST 119 and third-year standing.

  47. HIST 344 (3) Stuart England, 1603-1714

    Study of the changes in politics, economics, and the empire from James I to Queen Anne and Robert Walpole. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 116 and third-year standing.

  48. HIST 351 (3) History of Gender and Sexuality in Latin America

    Sexuality and gender relations from colonial period to the present. Role of family, state, religion, and community in constructing gender roles and sexual identities. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: One of HIST 151, or HIST 240, or third-year standing.

  49. HIST 352 (3) Class and Culture in Latin America

    Relationship between culture and class formation from the late-colonial period to the present. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: One of HIST 151, or HIST 240, or third-year standing.

  50. HIST 353 (3) Ancient Mediterranean Science and Technology

    Significant contributions to science and technology made by civilizations of the ancient Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Development of critical thinking skills through analysis of ancient texts, artefacts, and monuments in their social and historical context. Credit will only be granted for one of HIST 353, WRLD 353, or WRLD 399H.

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing.

  51. HIST 354 (3) Social Movements in 20th-Century Latin America

    Social movements of Latin America since 1900 that have challenged the status quo. Role of ideology, culture, and identity in the struggles of marginalized peoples. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: One of HIST 151, or HIST 240, or third-year standing.

  52. HIST 373 (3) History of Gender, Race, and Science in the Atlantic World

    The rise of scientific theories of racial and sexual difference and their role in the creation of the early modern Atlantic world (1500-1800), including its economy, culture, and socio-political order. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 118, HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  53. HIST 374 (3) History of Science and the Enlightenment

    Science in the context of the eighteenth-century European Enlightenment and the rise of colonial science in the Atlantic and Pacific worlds. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 118, HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  54. HIST 375 (3) History of Pandemics

    Select pandemics in the history of medicine and their impact on society, culture, politics, and the economy. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 118, HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  55. HIST 380 (3) Digital Archives, Cultural Heritage, and Public History

    Interdisciplinary introduction to digital archiving, exhibition, and preservation of cultural heritage and public history. Deals with collective memory, politics of commemoration and collecting, and future of digital collection and museum interfaces. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 380 or DIHU 320. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of ENGL or HIST.

    Equivalency: DIHU 320.

  56. HIST 381 (3/6) d Special Topics in Economic History

    Students should consult the department for the particular topics offered in a given year. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  57. HIST 382 (3/6) d Special Topics in Political History

    Students should consult the department for the particular topics offered in a given year. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  58. HIST 383 (3/6) d Special Topics in Social and Cultural History

    Students should consult the department for the particular topics offered in a given year. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  59. HIST 384 (3) Commodities in Africa

    Examines the history of commodity production (agricultural, mineral, oil, and other resources) on the African continent from the late nineteenth century to the present day with attention to how commodities have shaped and continue to influence the development of the continent and inform its political, social and economic encounters. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  60. HIST 385 (3) China and Europe in Africa since 1900

    Examines the actions of China in Africa in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as a form of new economic imperialism, following from earlier nineteenth and twentieth century European imperialism in Africa. Considers the responses of African states and the West to China's expansion on the African continent. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 385 or HIST 381 when the subject matter is of the same nature. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  61. HIST 395 (3) Environmental History of North America

    Themes and methods of environmental history, focusing primarily on North America from the sixteenth to the twenty-first centuries. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  62. HIST 396 (3) History of India, 1800-1914

    Examines developments of Indian society and culture under the British Raj during the period of 1800-1914, the consolidation of British power in nineteenth-century India, and early Indian resistance to imperial rule. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 115 and third-year standing.

  63. HIST 397 (3) History of India Since 1914

    Examines the origins and growth of the freedom struggle in India, the emergence of independent states in the subcontinent, and the problems of nation building and modernization since 1947. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  64. HIST 402 (3) Problems in International Relations: Diplomacy and the Origins of Wars

    Study of the relationship of the diplomatic factor to other factors in the origins of the First and Second World Wars. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 126 and third-year standing.

  65. HIST 406 (3) British Columbia to 1900

    Topics from the history of colonial British Columbia, Confederation, and subsequent provincial developments during the nineteenth century. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST and third-year standing; or HIST 112 and third-year standing.

  66. HIST 407 (3) British Columbia Since 1900

    Topics will emphasize changes in the economic, social, and institutional structures of the province during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST and third-year standing; or HIST 122 and third-year standing.

  67. HIST 408 (3) Capitalism and Nature

    History of global capitalism and the non-human environment. [0-0-3]

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing.

  68. HIST 412 (3/6) d Topics in the History of International Relations

    Special topics such as the role of diplomacy and its relation to other factors in international affairs, Canadian external relations, third-world international politics, Cold-War historiography, and area studies. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST.

  69. HIST 414 (3) Medieval England

    Study of selected themes in the history of England from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. [1.5-0-1.5]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 119 and third-year standing.

  70. HIST 418 (3) Capitalism in Canada

    History of capitalism and political-economy in Canada. [0-0-3]

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing.

  71. HIST 420 (3) Women in Early Modern Europe

    Examination of the experiences of women in Western Europe from 1500-1750. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or HIST 116 and third-year standing.

  72. HIST 430 (3/6) d Topics in the History of Migration

    [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST and third-year standing.

  73. HIST 443 (3) 20th-Century Russia

    Examines the significance of the Great Patriotic War; the last years of Stalin, the tempering of Stalinism in the Khrushchev years; Gorbachev's failed revolution; the collapse of the Soviet Union; and Russia in transition. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 126, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  74. HIST 444 (3) Slave Societies in the Americas

    Comparative analysis of the institution of chattel slavery, its growth, its effects on slaves and masters, its relation to the larger society, and the causes of its decline in the various cultures of the Americas. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 211, HIST 240 and third-year standing.

  75. HIST 452 (3) History of Mexico Since 1810

    Mexican history since independence including church-state relations, struggles for land and social justice, state formation, class and gender relations, and the role of popular culture. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 151, HIST 240, HIST 241 and third-year standing.

  76. HIST 453 (3) History of Brazil Since 1822

    Post-colonial history of Brazil with special attention to the politics of culture in state-building. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 151, HIST 240, HIST 241 and third-year standing.

  77. HIST 457 (3) History of Afghanistan, 1700-Present

    Chronological and thematic examination of Afghanistan's history from the emergence of the Afghan polity in the eighteenth century to the present. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145, HIST 160, HIST 220 and third-year standing.

  78. HIST 460 (3/6) d Topics in Technology and Society in History

    Historical dimensions of current debates about technology, focusing on a single, interdisciplinary theme. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 3 credits of HIST and HIST 118; or HIST 218 and third-year standing.

  79. HIST 461 (3/6) d Topics in Urban History

    [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: Either (a) HIST 126 and third-year standing or (b) 6 credits of HIST.

  80. HIST 468 (3) International Relations of the Great Powers of the 20th Century to 1939

    International relations of Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and the United States from the beginning of the 20th century until 1939. Political and diplomatic settlements between the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and the German invasion of Poland in 1939. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 126 and third-year standing; or 6 credits of POLI and third-year standing.

    Equivalency: POLI 433.

  81. HIST 469 (3) International Relations of the Great Powers of the 20th Century from 1939

    International relations of Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and the United States since 1939. Emphasis upon the emergence, course, and end of the Cold War. Great Powers in decolonization and the end of empires. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 145, HIST 126 and third-year standing.

  82. HIST 473 (3) War and Society from the 18th to 20th Centuries

    Continuity and change in the relations of war and society, and the connections between the economy, society, the military, and government in peacetime and war; not a course in military history. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 116, HIST 126, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  83. HIST 486 (3) Student Directed Seminar

    Self-directed, collaborative studies, in a group-learning environment, initiated and coordinated by senior undergraduate students with the supervision of a faculty sponsor. Course structure, enrolment and delivery methods will comply with the Student Directed Seminars Guidelines. At least third-year standing and permission of the Department are required. [0-0-3]

  84. HIST 489 (3) Directed Studies: Research

    Supervised investigation of a topic in history or research internship. Involves generation of original data and presentation of that data in an acceptable format. [0-0-3]

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing, 6 credits of upper-level HIST, and permission of the instructor. A minimum of 72% in all completed upper-level HIST courses is required.

  85. HIST 491 (3) Directed Studies: Readings

    Students will undertake supervised investigation of an assigned topic in history. They will complete a significant amount of independent reading and analysis and produce a major term paper at the end of the course. [0-0-3]

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing, 6 credits of upper-level HIST, and permission of the instructor. A minimum of 72% in all completed upper-level HIST courses is required.

  86. HIST 492 (3) History, Theory, and Method

    Explores selected problems and issues in the theory and practice of historical work. Credit will be granted for only one of HIST 492 or IGS 592. [2-0-1]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST or third-year standing. Open to non-history majors with permission of the department head.

    Equivalency: IGS 592.

  87. HIST 494 (3) Decolonization and Africa

    Overview and analysis of the internal and external factors that explain decolonization in sub-Saharan Africa in the twentieth century. Discussion will focus on the problems of nation-building in the aftermath of decolonization. [1.5-0-1.5]

    Prerequisite: 6 credits of HIST; or one of HIST 115, HIST 145 and third-year standing.

  88. HIST 495 (3/9) d Special Topics in History

    Examination of selected topics and issues in history. With different topics, this course may be taken more than once for credit. [3-0-0]

    Prerequisite: 12 credits of HIST.

  89. HIST 497 (3) Documentary Media and History

    An introduction to documentary media history and the application of digital methods to historical inquiry, interpretation, and communication. [3-3-0]

    Prerequisite: Third-year standing.

  90. HIST 499 (6) Undergraduate Honours Thesis

    Research and writing of a thesis paper under the supervision of a History faculty member. Participation in scheduled colloquia and seminars is required. Restricted to students in the Honours Program (third-year standing; minimum 12 credits of History; minimum grade average of 76% in all attempted History courses; and minimum overall average of 72%).


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